London Architecture

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london british architecture
gallery of nineteenth century London
Museums The British compulsion to collect artifacts means that Britain has the best museums in the world - we had a whole empire to plunder. Below is a shortlist of the main museums, but whatever your interest, from 17th Century fans, to fan engines, there's a museum specifically catering to your taste. And virtually all of them are free....

10- Dulwich Gallery	20- Museum of Natural History	27- Soane Museum

41- The British Museum	48- Whitechapel Art Gallery	52- The Victoria and Albert Museum

60- The Tate Modern	67- The National Gallery	83- Imperial War Museum

99- Tate Britain	100- National Portrait Gallery
Churches London is the location of many famous churches, chapels and cathedrals, in a density unmatched anywhere else in England. Wren Before the Great Fire of London in 1666, the City of London had over 107 churches in an area of only one square mile (2.6 km²). Of the 86 destroyed by the Fire, 51 were rebuilt along with St Paul's Cathedral. The majority have traditionally been regarded as the work of Sir Christopher Wren, but although their rebuilding was entrusted primarily to him, the role of his various associates, including Robert Hooke and Nicholas Hawksmoor especially, is currently being reassessed and given greater emphasis. The designs of the Wren office have provided a benchmark for church architecture ever since. Their character of pragmatism and fitness for purpose combined with a joyous inventiveness do seem to reflect Wren's personality in particular. Wren also designed a number of churches outside the City, including St James's, Piccadilly and St Clement Danes. After Wren, Hawksmoor was by common consent London's most significant church architect, being responsible in his own right for six great churches in the East End of London, of which most still stand (for example St George's Church, Bloomsbury and Christ Church, Spitalfields) . Metropolitan area London's churches are extraordinarily numerous and diverse. Most lie within the Anglican dioceses of London to the north and the Southwark to the south. There are still some two thousand churches across the capital, of every age and style, to the design and evolution of which at least six hundred different architects have made contributions. As London expanded during the early 19th century, many new churches were built to cater for the growing urban population; the "Waterloo churches" programme, for example, saw numerous churches constructed across south London in the first half of the century. Significance Although many churches were entirely or partly lost to 19th-century demolitions and to bombing in the Second World War, London's remaining churches are renowned worldwide for their historical and architectural value. Today, London's greatest concentrations of historic churches and cathedrals are in the City of London and the neighbouring City of Westminster. A number of the churches are mentioned in the nursery rhyme Oranges and Lemons. Unless noted otherwise, this list of churches belong to the Anglican church.

07- Christ Church	26- Saint Paul's Cathedral	30- St. Clement Danes

29- St. Antholin	107- Priory Church of St Bartholomew the Great	36- St. Mary Woolnoth

33- St. Martin-in-the-Fields	45- Westminster Abbey	49- Temple Church

34- St. Mary-le-Strand	35- St. Mary Le Bow	94- Westminster Cathedral

37- St. Nicholas Cole Abbey	38- St. Stephen's Walbrook
Bridges The Thames is central to the way Londoners see themselves through history and today, shaping regional identities and loyalties.

091- London Bridges	61- Millenium Footbridge	43- Tower Bridge

Buildings From Mediaeval to Imperial to modern high tech.

01- 30 St Mary Axe	02- 88 Wood Street	12- Food Theater Cafe

09- Crystal Palace	16- Lloyds Building	70- Royal Albert Hall

19- Millennium Dome	21- Offices, Finsbury Avenue	23- Palm House at Kew Gardens

24- Penguin Basin	42- The Mound Stand

98- King's College	56- Harrod's	72- Bank of England

79- Freemasons Hall	80- Guildhall	81- Horse Guards

82- Imperial College	86- Lincolns Inn	87- The London Eye

89- Lord's	92- The Oxo Tower	32- Leadenhall Markets

104- The Connaught Hotel	105- The Ritz	108- Claridge's

109- The Savoy

Government Buildings in the capital display the development of democracy through Imperial days to modern large government.

28- Somerset House	17- London City Hall	47- Westminster Palace

46- Westminster Hall	69- Admiralty Arch	58- The Old Bailey

77- County Hall
Utilities Britain, home of the Industrial Revolution and Victorian opulence, has some superb public industrial buildings.

08- Continental Train Platform	14- Greenwich Hospital	22- Paddington Station

25- S. Pancras Station	39- Stansted Airport	93- Thames Barrier

62- Battersea Power Station	63- London Underground	68- Canary Wharf Tube Station
Housing

03- Alexandra Road Housing	11- Fleet Road Terrace Housing	15- Housing in Camden

18- London Terraced House	40- The Ark
Palaces Medieval London is well known for having been full of rich monasteries, nunneries, colleges, and parish churches. So much so that it might be compared to the 'Ile Sonnante 'of Rabelais. If it could be called a 'City of Churches', it was, in fact, much more a 'City of Palaces'. For there were, in London, more palaces than in Verona and Florence and Venice and Genoa all put together. There was not, it is true, a line of marble 'palazzi 'along the banks of a Grande Canale; there was no Piazza della Signoria, no Piazza della Erbe to show these buildings. They were scattered about all over the City. They were built without regard to general effect and with no idea of decoration or picturesqueness. They lay hidden in narrow winding labyrinthine streets. The warehouses stood beside and between them. The common people dwelt in narrow courts around them. They faced each other on opposite sides of the lanes.

04- Chiswick House	05- Banqueting House	44- Tower of London

50- Windsor Castle	51- Hampton Court	71- Apsley House

73- Buckingham Palace	75- Clarence House	78- Eltham Palace

84- Kensington Palace	31- St. James	95- Winchester Palace

85- Lambeth Palace	96-Mansion House
Monuments A great many monuments pay homage to people and events in the city. The Monument in the City of London provides views of the surrounding area while commemorating the Great Fire of London, which originated nearby. Marble Arch and Wellington Arch, at the north and south ends of Park Lane respectively, have royal connections, as do the Albert Monument and Royal Albert Hall in Kensington. Nelson's Column is a nationally-recognised monument in Trafalgar Square, one of the focal points of the centre.

53- The Albert Monument	65- Nelson's Column- Trafalgar Square	74- The Cenotaph

76- Cleopatra's Needle	90- The Monument	110- The Euston Arch
Theatres Most of the theatres in "Theatreland" are of late Victorian or Edwardian construction, and they are privately owned. Most of them have great character, and the largest and best maintained are splendid, featuring grand neo-classical, romanesque, or Victorian facades and luxurious, detailed interior design and decoration. On the other hand, leg room is often cramped, and audience facilities such as bars and toilets are often much smaller than in modern theatres. The protected status of the buildings and their confined urban locations, combined with financial constraints, mean that it is very difficult to make substantial improvements to the level of comfort offered. In 2004, it was estimated that an investment of £250 million was required for modernisation, and the theatre owners unsuccessfully requested tax concessions to help them meet the costs.

13- Globe Theater	88- The Palladium	106- The London Coliseum

Parks, Squares, Areas London is well endowed with open spaces. Green space in central London consists of five Royal Parks, supplemented by a number of small garden squares scattered throughout the city centre. Open space in the rest of the city is dominated by the remaining three Royal Parks and many other parks and open spaces of a range of sizes, run mainly by the local London boroughs, although other owners include the National Trust and the Corporation of London.

06- Bedford Park	59- Fleet Street	64- The West End / Leicester Square

66- Picadilly Circus	DV32- Saint James's Park	54- Regent's Park

97- Hyde Park	98- Kensington Gardens	101- Portobello Road

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